/* The Practical Byte — standalone article stylesheet. Scoped to .tpb-page/.tpb-article. */
.tpb-page{margin:0;background:#f9f8f3;color:#183d38;font:400 16px/1.78 system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;}
.tpb-page *, .tpb-page *::before,.tpb-page *::after{box-sizing:border-box;}
.tpb-page a{color:#086e60;text-decoration-thickness:1.4px;text-underline-offset:3px;}
.tpb-page a:hover{color:#0a5148;}
.tpb-page a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #35bd9d;outline-offset:4px;border-radius:2px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-site-header{background:#113d37;border-bottom:1px solid #2b6258;color:white;}
.tpb-page .tpb-header-inner{max-width:1330px;margin:auto;padding:15px 30px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-brand{display:inline-flex;gap:11px;align-items:center;color:#fff;text-decoration:none;font-size:13px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;}
.tpb-page .tpb-brand-mark{background:#77e5c5;color:#113d37;display:grid;place-items:center;font-size:13px;font-weight:900;letter-spacing:-.06em;height:36px;width:36px;border-radius:10px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-tagline{font-size:12px;color:#bbd7cd;letter-spacing:.02em;}
.tpb-page .tpb-wrap{width:min(100% - 50px,1270px);margin-inline:auto;}
.tpb-page .tpb-breadcrumb{font-size:12px;font-weight:750;letter-spacing:.14em;color:#387b69;text-transform:uppercase;padding:31px 0 17px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-breadcrumb a{color:#387b69;text-decoration:none;}
.tpb-page .tpb-hero-shell{background:#eaf3ed;border:1px solid #dce9df;border-radius:23px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 22px 72px rgba(17,57,48,.07);}
.tpb-page .tpb-hero-content{padding:55px 65px 49px;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 95% 2%,rgba(101,216,177,.21),transparent 45%),#eaf3ed;}
.tpb-page .tpb-eyebrow{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;border:1px solid #8bcfba;background:#ddf5e9;border-radius:99px;padding:6px 15px;font-size:11px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#176455;}
.tpb-page .tpb-hero-shell h1{font-size:clamp(35px,4.1vw,61px);line-height:1.12;letter-spacing:-.045em;max-width:1050px;margin:22px 0 23px;font-weight:830;color:#103932;}
.tpb-page .tpb-deck{max-width:870px;color:#506e63;font-size:clamp(16px,1.5vw,21px);line-height:1.55;margin:0 0 30px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-byline{display:flex;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;color:#3c6b5b;font-size:13px;font-weight:650;}
.tpb-page .tpb-byline .tpb-dot{height:4px;width:4px;border-radius:50%;background:#6a9a87;}
.tpb-page .tpb-hero-figure{margin:0;position:relative;}
.tpb-page .tpb-hero-figure img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:8/5;object-fit:cover;}
.tpb-page .tpb-hero-figure figcaption{position:absolute;right:16px;bottom:16px;background:rgba(11,50,45,.82);color:#e8f8ef;border-radius:6px;padding:7px 12px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.3;}
.tpb-page .tpb-article-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:225px minmax(0,795px);align-items:start;justify-content:space-between;gap:70px;margin:64px auto 95px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-toc{position:sticky;top:35px;border-left:3px solid #a8dfcc;padding:5px 0 5px 22px;max-height:calc(100vh - 75px);overflow-y:auto;scrollbar-width:thin;}
.tpb-page .tpb-toc .tpb-toc-heading{font-weight:850;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#1f6558;margin:0 0 13px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-toc nav{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:3px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-toc a{color:#517268;line-height:1.45;padding:8px 0;font-size:12.5px;text-decoration:none;}
.tpb-page .tpb-toc a:hover{color:#116c5c;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content{min-width:0;color:#264a43;font-size:17px;line-height:1.81;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content > p:first-child{font-size:21px;line-height:1.64;font-weight:540;letter-spacing:-.012em;color:#173f36;margin-top:0;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content p{margin:0 0 21px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content h2{font-size:clamp(25px,2.5vw,34px);letter-spacing:-.033em;line-height:1.27;font-weight:830;color:#123e36;margin:52px 0 23px;scroll-margin-top:25px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content h2::before{content:"";display:block;width:43px;height:5px;border-radius:4px;background:#63d3b4;margin-bottom:17px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content h3{font-size:21px;letter-spacing:-.012em;line-height:1.42;font-weight:770;color:#134d43;margin:30px 0 13px;scroll-margin-top:25px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content strong{color:#164c41;font-weight:770;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content blockquote{margin:28px 0 36px;border-left:5px solid #3cba98;border-radius:0 13px 13px 0;background:#e6f4e9;padding:23px 26px;color:#144c40;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content blockquote p:last-child{margin:0;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content ul,.tpb-page .tpb-content ol{padding-left:26px;margin:8px 0 23px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content li{padding-left:6px;margin-bottom:9px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content li::marker{color:#18826f;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content .tpb-table-scroll{overflow-x:auto;margin:20px 0 36px;border:1px solid #dce8df;border-radius:13px;scrollbar-width:thin;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content table{border-collapse:collapse;min-width:640px;width:100%;font-size:14px;line-height:1.56;background:white;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content thead{background:#13473e;color:#fff;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content th{font-size:13px;font-weight:730;color:#fff;text-align:left;padding:15px 16px;white-space:normal;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content td{vertical-align:top;padding:15px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #e4eae5;color:#36574f;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content tbody tr:nth-child(even){background:#f3f7f2;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content tbody tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content .tpb-table-scroll table{margin:0;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content img{max-width:100%;height:auto;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content .tpb-figure{margin:29px 0 38px;padding:15px;background:#f2f7f1;border:1px solid #dceadd;border-radius:17px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content .tpb-figure img{display:block;border-radius:8px;width:100%;height:auto;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content .tpb-figure figcaption{font-size:12px;color:#59776d;line-height:1.6;margin:12px 6px 2px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content .tpb-source-link{font-size:12px;font-weight:760;vertical-align:super;line-height:0;white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none;color:#258778;padding-left:2px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content #sources-and-further-reading + ol{font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.65;overflow-wrap:anywhere;}
.tpb-page .tpb-content #sources-and-further-reading + ol li{margin-bottom:12px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-editorial-note{border-top:1px solid #d9e3dc;padding-top:20px;margin-top:26px;color:#61796f;font-size:13px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-footer{background:#113d37;color:#c4dcd2;padding:34px 25px;margin-top:65px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-footer-inner{max-width:1270px;margin:auto;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;font-size:12px;}
.tpb-page .tpb-footer a{color:#8ce6c9;}
.tpb-page .tpb-back-top{text-decoration:none;font-weight:750;}
@media (max-width:1050px){
  .tpb-page .tpb-article-grid{grid-template-columns:185px minmax(0,1fr);gap:34px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-hero-content{padding:41px 44px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-toc a{font-size:11.5px;}
}
@media (max-width:760px){
  .tpb-page .tpb-header-inner{padding:13px 20px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-tagline{display:none;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-wrap{width:min(100% - 30px,630px);}
  .tpb-page .tpb-breadcrumb{padding:18px 0 13px;font-size:10px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-hero-content{padding:31px 25px 30px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-hero-shell{border-radius:16px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-hero-shell h1{font-size:clamp(30px,7.6vw,45px);line-height:1.16;margin:17px 0;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-deck{font-size:16px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-hero-figure figcaption{font-size:10px;right:10px;bottom:10px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-article-grid{display:block;margin:40px auto 60px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-toc{position:static;max-height:none;border:1px solid #dce9e0;border-left:4px solid #77ceb3;background:#edf6ee;border-radius:11px;padding:15px 18px;margin-bottom:38px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-toc nav{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0 16px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-toc a{font-size:12px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-content{font-size:16px;line-height:1.79;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-content > p:first-child{font-size:18px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-content h2{margin-top:41px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-content h3{font-size:19px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-content blockquote{padding:17px 18px;}
}
@media (max-width:420px){
  .tpb-page .tpb-wrap{width:calc(100% - 22px);}
  .tpb-page .tpb-hero-content{padding:27px 19px 25px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-hero-shell h1{font-size:29px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-eyebrow{font-size:10px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-toc nav{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-article-grid{margin-top:25px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-content .tpb-figure{padding:7px;}
  .tpb-page .tpb-content table{font-size:13px;}
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.tpb-page{scroll-behavior:smooth;}}
.tpb-page .tpb-review-credit{margin:12px 0 0;color:#59716a;font-size:14px}.tpb-page .tpb-review-credit a{color:#0c6d5b;font-weight:800}
.tpb-page .site-header .brand{color:var(--ink)}.tpb-page .site-header .nav a{color:#475851}.tpb-page .site-header .nav a:hover,.tpb-page .site-header .nav a[aria-current="page"]{color:var(--accent)}.tpb-page .site-header .nav-cta{color:#fff}.tpb-page .site-footer .brand{color:#fff}.tpb-page .site-footer .footer-links a{color:#cbdad4}.tpb-page .site-footer .footer-links a:hover{color:#fff}